Hollow brick wall



(No Model.)

J. C. ANDERSON.

HOLLOW BRICK WALL.

No. 467,491. Patented Jan, 26, 1892.-

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES C. ANDERSON, OF IIIGIILAND PARK, ILLINOIS.

HOLLOW BRICK WALL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Batent No. 467,491, dated January26, 1892.

Application filedllovemher 26, 1890- Serial No. 372,696. (No model.)

' Highland Park, in the county of Lake and State of Illinois, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Hollow Brick Valls;

and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of said invention, reference being bad to the accompanyingdrawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form apart of this specification.

My invention relates to the construction of the outer walls ofbuildings, andmore particularly to high fire-proof buildings where greatstrength, solidity, and close surface texture is a requisite. In orderto obtain a more concise view of the state of the art in thisconnection, I will first explain that the rapid advancement in the artof production of steel channel-beams suitable for the construction ofthe skeletons or frame-work of high buildings and the great demand forthem in' the larger cities in the utilization of groundspace forbuildings has brought us face to face with ,a new requirement for asuitable outer wall- "covering which shall afiord the properweather-surface not only to act as a barrier against the storms, rains,snows, and freezings, but

also 'to protect the steel skeleton from the actionof fire, essential inthis kind of structure, andat the same time to present a surface to thegeneral atmosphere of the city that will inthemost effectual manner shedthe moisture of the atmosphere and resist the constantlyincreasing smokeand noxious gases incident to a growing city. It will be understood,also, in this connection that these buildings for the most part underthe present state of the art must be constructed of terra-cotta or burntclay in various forms, for the reason that such material is necessary torender this kind of structure fire-proof, and in order to reduce theweight of the structure to the minimum and to properly distribute theload of these high buildings upon the steel channels of the skeleton ormetal frame-work it is highly desirable that the terracotta of thevarious kinds be as light as possible. This is fairly met so far asrelates to the inner partitionwalls and to the building in between thejoistspaces of the various floors; but the ordinary hollow-tile andterra-cotta products thus employed and made bywhat is known as the wetprocess are too frail and porous and are entirely inadequate for themain outer walls of such buildings,

I Various patents have been granted to me from time to time for theproduction of clay bodies for the outer walls of buildings, with themain object inview of producing these bodies with the closest possiblebody-texture, so as to resist the osmotic action of the atmosphere andat the same time give to the walls of the building solidity, strength,and durability, and in which I have explained the difficulties met within pressing large clay bodies into form out of. dry clay powder andalleged the advantages to be gained in the compactness and solidity ofthese clay bodies where a uniform pressure could be brought upon the dryclay-powder in the production of thin slabs. I have also shown productsfor which patents were granted to me for hollow brick having a body ofribs or thin slabs, but such latter-named bodies have been exceedinglydifficult of production in a practical way, owing to their peculiarshape and to the difliculties then met with in molding such articles,which arenecessarily formed in high relief without correspondingdepressions, and no means have been heretofore provided for pressingarticles from dry clay in high relief without depressionsz'. e., havingtheir flanges standing well outward therefrom.

To these ends my invention consists in the novel construction,arrangement, and combination of parts, substantially as hereinafterdisclosed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a broken perspective view of a section of awall with parts removed embodying myimprovements. Fig. 2 is a view inperspective of a binding-clevis detached from the binding bar and wall.

The main body of the brick A is formed by the longitudinal slab or WebB, this slab or web being located centrally for the whole length andwidth of the brick and of a thickness equal to the one-third of a brick.A double high relief flange C is formed along one edge of the web B andlocated centrally thereto so as to form upwardly and downwardlyprojecting flanges a, each of which flanges projects in relief equal tothe thickconstruction.

ness of the web B. A single relief-flange c. is formed along the otheredge of the brick, extending upwardly or downwardly'to a like distancein relief on one side only of the web B, so as to form a channel-spaceon-one side of the brick and a rabbeted space on the other side thereof,which spaces provide hollow alternating spaces or ducts in the wall Inlaying up this Wall the first course of these brickA is laid upon asuitable bed (not shown in this application) as stretchers, with thedouble-flanged edge 0 of the brick laid inward toward the common brickpart of the wall G, with the single-flanged edge 0' thereof laid outwardto form part of the face of the wall and with the channel side of thebrick downward upon the bed. The next course is then laid as stretchersw ith the double-flanged edge 0 faced outward and with the channel sidethereof upward, so as to permit the downwardly-proj ecting flange c ofthe edge 0 of the brick in the second course to rest on the front edgeof the main body or web B of the bricks of the course beneath and therear edge of the body or web B to rest on the upwardly-turned flange cof the brick of the lower course. The third course in forming the wallis then laid with the double flange or channel side of the brick laiddownward and the double-fianged edge 0 turned inward, which gives abearing on each of the flanges c c. The fourth course is laid thereverse of this, or like the second, with the channel side-up, and so onalternately throughout the wall,.th'us forming the hollow parts orchannels D E and providing the flanges along the rearpart of each courseof the bricks A, permitting the insertion of a series of bindingbars Hin said channels. These binding-bars are preferably made of steel anglesof suitable base width and rise to have a flat bearing upon the mainbody or web of the bricks A, and a full bearing against the shoulderformedby the flanges c or c for the full length of the wall, as clearlyshown in the drawings. These angle-bars H, as before indicated, aremade, preferably, of angle-steel rolled out to the proper form and cutinsuitable lengths to span the full-post spaces of the building, and asthese spaces will vary some what in the spanning it is necessary toprovide means of adjustment in applying the binding-bars to the wall,which will be more fully explained hereinafter.

I is a steel or iron binding-clevis made to conform to and fit over theweb-base of the angle-bar. The clevis is so formed as to extendbackwardly beyond the rear part of the brick A and to hook over theflange of the post K of the frame-Work of the building by means of thehook i, which is made to conform to the flange L of the posts.

It will be seen that the binding-clevis I is so formed that one may bereadily slid over each end. of each of the binding-bars H while theseare being placed in the wall, so as to bring the hook t" snug up to theflange L of the post, and thus permit a variable length of space to thebars H, so as to be readily ad justed without special hand-work incutting and fitting the same, and that by this method the full course ofthe facing-brick A is firmly and securely bound to the posts of theframework of the building withoutthe use of intermediate binders betweenthe posts and the rear portion of the wall of the common brick G.-

What I claim is 1. The right-angled bar, in combination with the bricksadapted to permit the arrangement of said bar interiorly thereof andmeans for effecting connection between said binding-bar and the post' ofthe structure, substantially as setforth. 2. The combination, with thepost and th binding-bar, of the binding-clevis having at its ends hooksadapted to engage the flange of the post and bar, respectively, and adjustable with the bar, substantially as set forth.

3. A wall comprising a series of upright posts, intermediate masonry, afacing of pressed brick, binding-bars H, connected with the facing, andclevisesI, connecting the binding-bars with the posts, substantially asset forth.

4. A facing composed of three flanged pressed brick A, bar H, binder I,post K, and

common brick'G,'substantially'as set forth. In testimony whereof I affixmy signature

